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Union County, Georgia

Coordinates: 34°50′N 83°59′W / 34.83°N 83.99°W / 34.83; -83.99
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Union County
County
Old Union County Courthouse in Blairsville
Old Union County Courthouse in Blairsville
Official seal of Union County
Seal
Map of Georgia highlighting Union County
Location within the U.S. state of Georgia
Map of the United States highlighting Georgia
Georgia's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 34°50′N 83°59′W / 34.83°N 83.99°W / 34.83; -83.99
Country United States
State Georgia
FoundedDecember 3, 1832; 191 years ago (December 3, 1832)
SeatBlairsville
Largest cityBlairsville
Area
 • Total329 sq mi (850 km2)
 • Land322 sq mi (830 km2)
 • Water7.1 sq mi (18 km2)  2.2%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total24,632
 • Density76/sq mi (29/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district9th
Websiteunioncountyga.gov

Union County is a county in the Northeast region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,632.[1] The county seat is Blairsville.[2]

History

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Union County was originally a core part of the homeland of the native Cherokee tribe. Mountainous and formerly one of the most remote and inaccessible parts of Georgia, the area became the object of desire for white settlers with the discovery of gold in the 1820s. While the gold rush didn't last long, a land lottery system opened up the area for settlement in the 1830s and Union County was formed in 1832, carved from part of Cherokee County.[3] The newcomers formed political groups to force the Cherokee off their land, part of the removal of most of the southeastern native tribes in what is known as the Trail of Tears. The part that was Cherokee Removal occurred between 1836 and 1839. The Cherokee nation and roughly 1,600 of their black slaves were forced west to the Indian Territory (present day Oklahoma) in the then Western United States. The resultant deaths along the way and at the end of the movement of an estimated 4,000 Cherokee. The Union Party was a political group that supported removing the Indians and opening the area to white settlers, and is the probable reason for the county's name.[4] The western part of Union County was annexed by Fannin County on January 12, 1854, and in 1856 the southern tip was given to Gilmer County and an eastern section went to Towns County. Many of the early white settlers of the area were Virginians or North Carolianians who came via various frontier roads.[5] As a mountainous region not suited to plantation farming and settled by hardscrabble, independent farmers, Union County had relatively few slaves compared to other areas of Georgia.[3] In the 1850 census, just 61 slave owners were listed, with a total of 278 enslaved people.

The white population of Union County residents were largely pro-Union in the years prior to the Civil War, with sentiments against the plantation-owning aristocratic elites in the lowland sections of the state, as was true of much of Georgia's mountainous north and the Appalachian region in general. When the state seceded and when Lincoln raised a Union army to suppress the rebellion, most Union County residents supported the Confederacy and most of the soldiers from the county fought on the Confederate side either as enlistees or, after the Confederate draft of 1862, as draftees.[4] Joseph E. Brown, the wartime governor of Georgia, was a resident of Union County, having moved there from western South Carolina.[5] Brown was an ardent secessionist and a defender of slavery, but was a controversial southern governor, a north Georgian never fully accepted by the plantation class but still popular with the common white Georgians, whom he championed. Brown vehemently opposed the Confederate draft and was a constant thorn in the side of the central Confederate government which he saw as usurping increasing power from the states.[6] Despite general support for the Confederacy, a smaller number of Union sympathizers remained in Union County, which was one of the few Georgia counties to provide men for a Union Army unit, company A of the 1st Georgia Infantry Battalion, in which 6 men were killed.

After the war, railroad lines were built that linked Union County to other areas, including Gainesville and Culberson, North Carolina, giving farmers expanded distribution. The first paved road in Union County was completed in 1926 and ran from Cleveland to the North Carolina border. Tourism increased when the federal government acquired 31,000 acres of forest in the area, spread across Fannin, Gilmer, Lumpkin, and Union counties, and created the Chattahoochee National Forest in 1937.[5]

Geography

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According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 329 square miles (850 km2), of which 322 square miles (830 km2) is land and 7.1 square miles (18 km2) (2.2%) is water.[7] Brasstown Bald, the highest mountain in Georgia, rises in southeast Union County, straddling the Towns County line. The central and northern portion of Union County is located in the Hiwassee River sub-basin of the Middle Tennessee-Hiwassee basin, while the southwestern portion of the county is located in the Ocoee River sub-basin of the same larger watershed. A very small portion of the county's southeastern corner is located in the Upper Chattahoochee River sub-basin of the ACF River Basin (Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin, also listed as simply the Apalachicola Basin by USGS).[8] This is also where the source of the Chattahoochee is found. The Appalachian Trail winds through southern Union County.

Adjacent counties

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National protected area

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Transportation

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Major highways

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Other roads

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Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18403,152—
18507,234129.5%
18604,413−39.0%
18705,26719.4%
18806,43122.1%
18907,74920.5%
19008,4819.4%
19106,918−18.4%
19206,455−6.7%
19306,340−1.8%
19407,68021.1%
19507,318−4.7%
19606,510−11.0%
19706,8114.6%
19809,39037.9%
199011,99327.7%
200017,28944.2%
201021,35623.5%
202024,63215.3%
2023 (est.)27,124[9]10.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[10]
1790-1880[11] 1890-1910[12]
1920-1930[13] 1930-1940[14]
1940-1950[15] 1960-1980[16]
1980-2000[17] 2010[18]

2020 census

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Union County racial composition[19]
Race Num. Perc.
White (non-Hispanic) 22,646 91.94%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic) 126 0.51%
Native American 74 0.3%
Asian 100 0.41%
Other/Mixed 870 3.53%
Hispanic or Latino 816 3.31%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 24,632 people, 9,743 households, and 6,957 families residing in the county.

2010 census

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As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 21,356 people, 9,116 households, and 6,382 families living in the county.[20] The population density was 66.3 inhabitants per square mile (25.6/km2). There were 14,052 housing units at an average density of 43.6 units per square mile (16.8 units/km2).[21] The racial makeup of the county was 96.8% white, 0.5% black or African American, 0.4% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 0.9% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 2.4% of the population.[20] In terms of ancestry, 16.0% were English, 15.8% were Irish, 15.0% were "American", and 13.2% were German.[22]

Of the 9,116 households, 22.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.8% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 30.0% were non-families, and 26.2% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.75. The median age was 50.7 years.[20]

The median income for a household in the county was $41,298 and the median income for a family was $50,772. Males had a median income of $42,330 versus $29,176 for females. The per capita income for the county was $24,182. About 9.5% of families and 13.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.5% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over.[23]

2000 census

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As of the census[24] of 2000, there were 17,289 people, 7,159 households, and 5,211 families living in the county. The population density was 54 people per square mile (21 people/km2). There were 10,001 housing units at an average density of 31 units per square mile (12 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 97.94% White, 0.58% Black or African American, 0.25% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.24% from other races, and 0.74% from two or more races. 0.88% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Union County was mentioned as an "Extreme Whitopia", a place with a high concentration of white residents, in Rich Benjamin's book, Searching for Whitopia.[25] (Because American Indians were forced out, and black slavery was virtually nonexistent in this part of the Georgia mountains, the county has had a minuscule nonwhite population for almost 200 years.)

There were 7,159 households, out of which 24.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.90% were married couples living together, 7.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.20% were non-families. 24.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.77.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 20.00% under the age of 18, 6.60% from 18 to 24, 23.60% from 25 to 44, 28.20% from 45 to 64, and 21.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females there were 96.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.60 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $31,893, and the median income for a family was $39,776. Males had a median income of $29,127 versus $20,871 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,845. About 9.30% of families and 12.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.10% of those under age 18 and 15.90% of those age 65 or over.

Media

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The North Georgia News has been published weekly in Blairsville since 1909. Since 2012, it has been the only newspaper serving Union County.[26]

Communities

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City

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Unincorporated communities

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Government and politics

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The county's Sole Commissioner is Lamar Paris, who has served since 2001.[27]

United States presidential election results for Union County, Georgia[28]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 12,650 81.29% 2,800 17.99% 112 0.72%
2016 9,852 81.67% 1,963 16.27% 248 2.06%
2012 8,773 78.97% 2,139 19.25% 197 1.77%
2008 8,013 74.96% 2,486 23.26% 191 1.79%
2004 6,847 74.06% 2,327 25.17% 71 0.77%
2000 4,567 65.66% 2,230 32.06% 159 2.29%
1996 2,685 48.70% 2,175 39.45% 653 11.84%
1992 2,533 44.78% 2,304 40.74% 819 14.48%
1988 2,396 65.39% 1,258 34.33% 10 0.27%
1984 1,914 63.25% 1,112 36.75% 0 0.00%
1980 1,546 46.69% 1,700 51.34% 65 1.96%
1976 1,154 29.22% 2,795 70.78% 0 0.00%
1972 2,317 75.74% 742 24.26% 0 0.00%
1968 1,221 39.37% 974 31.41% 906 29.22%
1964 1,473 40.83% 2,135 59.17% 0 0.00%
1960 1,537 56.47% 1,185 43.53% 0 0.00%
1956 1,360 49.53% 1,386 50.47% 0 0.00%
1952 1,330 49.44% 1,360 50.56% 0 0.00%
1948 1,274 45.89% 1,420 51.15% 82 2.95%
1944 760 37.11% 1,288 62.89% 0 0.00%
1940 557 36.91% 950 62.96% 2 0.13%
1936 783 40.55% 1,148 59.45% 0 0.00%
1932 810 37.60% 1,344 62.40% 0 0.00%
1928 2,873 82.18% 623 17.82% 0 0.00%
1924 719 45.88% 793 50.61% 55 3.51%
1920 562 54.51% 469 45.49% 0 0.00%
1916 523 49.57% 532 50.43% 0 0.00%
1912 88 13.39% 319 48.55% 250 38.05%

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Census - Geography Profile: Union County, Georgia". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. ^ a b "History of Union County, Georgia". genealogytrails.com. Retrieved June 4, 2021.
  4. ^ a b "History". Union County Government. Retrieved June 4, 2021.
  5. ^ a b c "Union County". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 4, 2021.
  6. ^ "Joseph E. Brown (1821-1894)". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 4, 2021.
  7. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  8. ^ "Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission Interactive Mapping Experience". Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission. Retrieved November 17, 2015.
  9. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 31, 2024.
  10. ^ "Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades". United States Census Bureau.
  11. ^ "1880 Census Population by Counties 1790-1800" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1880.
  12. ^ "1910 Census of Population - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1910.
  13. ^ "1930 Census of Population - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1930.
  14. ^ "1940 Census of Population - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1940.
  15. ^ "1950 Census of Population - Georgia -" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1950.
  16. ^ "1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1980.
  17. ^ "2000 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 2000.
  18. ^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 28, 2016. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
  19. ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
  20. ^ a b c "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 30, 2015.
  21. ^ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 30, 2015.
  22. ^ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 30, 2015.
  23. ^ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 30, 2015.
  24. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  25. ^ "Searching for Whitopia ~ By Rich Benjamin". Richbenjamin.com. September 15, 2002. Archived from the original on December 1, 2012. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
  26. ^ "The North Georgia News (Blairsville, Ga.) 1909-Current". Directory of U.S. Newspapers in American Libraries. The Library of Congress. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  27. ^ Blairsville-Union County: Guiding Growth Archived September 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Georgia Trend, January 2007.
  28. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
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34°50′N 83°59′W / 34.83°N 83.99°W / 34.83; -83.99

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