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Cleethorpes

Coordinates: 53°33′12″N 0°01′18″W / 53.5533°N 0.02155°W / 53.5533; -0.02155
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Cleethorpes (disambiguation).
"Itterby" redirects here. For the village in Sweden, see Ytterby.

Cleethorpes
Town
Kingsway Promenade
Cleethorpes is located in Lincolnshire
Cleethorpes
Cleethorpes
Location within Lincolnshire
Area9.4 km2 (3.6 sq mi)
Population38,996 (2018-06-30 Estimate)[1]
• Density4,149/km2 (10,750/sq mi)
LanguageEnglish
OS grid referenceTA310081
• London230 km (140 mi) South
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Areas of the town
List
Post townCLEETHORPES
Postcode districtDN35
Dialling code01472
PoliceHumberside
FireHumberside
AmbulanceEast Midlands
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Lincolnshire
53°33′12″N 0°01′18″W / 53.5533°N 0.02155°W / 53.5533; -0.02155

Cleethorpes (/ˈkliːθɔːrps/) is a seaside town on the estuary of the Humber in North East Lincolnshire, Lincolnshire, England[2] with a population of 29,678 in 2021.[3] It has been permanently occupied since the 6th century, with fishing as its original industry, then developing into a resort in the 19th century. Before becoming a unified town, Cleethorpes was made up of the three small villages of Itterby, Oole and Thrunscoe.

The town lies on the Greenwich meridian and its average annual rainfall is amongst the lowest in the British Isles.[4]

In 2021, The Trainline named Cleethorpes beach the second best seaside destination in the UK that is reachable by train, just behind Margate.[5]

History

[edit]
A beacon was lit on the top of Ross Castle to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II on Monday 4 June 2012

Before becoming a unified town, Cleethorpes was made up of three small villages: Itterby, Oole and Thrunscoe, which were part of a wider parish called Clee (centred on Old Clee) named from clee, an old form of the word clay. The name Cleethorpes is of comparatively recent origin,[6] combining the parish Clee with thorp, an Old English/Old Norse word for "village". The earliest attestations are 1552 for singular Clethorpe (meaning Itterby) and 1588 for plural Clethorpes (including Oole, adjacent to Itterby; later also Thrunscoe slightly to the south).[7]

Whilst there are Neolithic and Bronze Age remains in the area, permanent occupation appears to date from the 6th century[BC or AD?], with substantial communities appearing only in the 9th century when the Danes arrived.[8]

The manor of Itterby was purchased in 1616 by the trustees of Peter Blundell's charity for the benefit of scholars and fellows at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge from Blundell's School, Tiverton.[9]

Cleethorpes developed as a fishing village. By the time of the 1801 census the population was 284.[10] The 1820s saw the first developments of Cleethorpes as a health holiday resort, with sea-bathing and the taking of medicinal waters becoming fashionable. By 1831 the population had increased to 497.[10]

In 1842 the Cleethorpes Enclosure Bill was enacted. 2,100 acres (8.5 km2) of land were divided among land owners and eight new roads developed.[11] In 1848 Cleethorpes was described as
"...much resorted to as a bathing-place, for which it is highly eligible; the air is pure, the scenery good and besides a few lodging-houses and smaller inns, there is a large hotel, built some years since, on an eminence embracing extensive views of the sea, the Humber, and the Yorkshire coast. Many of the population are employed in the oyster-fisheries."[12]

The resort expanded following the linking of the town by railway with industrial towns in Yorkshire. Cleethorpes Pier opened in 1873 and the promenade in 1885.[11] Cleethorpes with Thrunscoe was created as a Local Board of Health District in 1873, and under the Local Government Act of 1894 it became an urban district.[13] Its headquarters was established at Cleethorpes Town Hall in 1905.[14]

In 1916 the urban district was renamed Cleethorpes, and in 1922 and 1927 the town's boundaries were extended to include part of Humberston (as far as North Sea Lane) and the Beacon Hill area of Weelsby parish. In 1936 Cleethorpes was granted a charter of incorporation to become a municipal borough.[13]

Cleethorpes successfully resisted attempts by Grimsby to absorb it and in 1974 it became the Borough of Cleethorpes within the new county of Humberside. However, when Humberside County Council was abolished in 1996, Cleethorpes Borough Council was joined with Grimsby Borough Council as the unitary authority of North East Lincolnshire. In 2009 North East Lincolnshire Council agreed to market the towns of Grimsby, Immingham and Cleethorpes, under the 'Greater Grimsby' banner.[15]

Local residents from Lincolnshire and the Yorkshire and Humber area affectionately refer to Cleethorpes and its residents as Meggies. Cleethorpes can also be known as "down beach".[16][17]

Redevelopment

[edit]
Greenwich meridian marker

The Winter Gardens, a venue for a variety of events, was demolished in 2007[18] and replaced by 47 flats. During a mass boycott of punk bands in the 1970s the Winter Gardens was just one of five U.K. venues that allowed the likes of the Clash, AC/DC and the Sex Pistols to perform.[19] The old mini steam railway running from the seafront Leisure centre to St Anthony's bank has been extended and significantly improved whilst a cafe, taphouse, and gallery has been added to the boating lake, many ducks and geese use the boating lake to breed making it a pleasant place to visit. A large open air show ground has been built close to the eastern end of the boating lake often showing live bands and hosting special events, most notably hosting the London 2012 Olympic torch relay.

A new RNLI station is set to be completed on the Central Promenade by 2025.

Twin town

[edit]

Cleethorpes is twinned with Königswinter, Germany.

Geography

[edit]

Cleethorpes is situated on the southern side of the Humber estuary in North East Lincolnshire - a unitary authority area in the North of England. The Greenwich meridian passes through the town and a signpost shows some distances to worldwide locations. North Pole 4,051 km (2,517 mi), South Pole 15,963 km (9,919 mi), New York City 5,602 km (3,481 mi), London 230 km (140 mi).

Cleethorpes is physically linked to the neighbouring town of Grimsby by built up residential estates and the villages of Old Clee and Weelsby are also contiguous with the two towns.

Climate

[edit]

As with most of the British Isles, Cleethorpes experiences a maritime climate. It has mild summers and cool winters. The average annual rainfall is amongst the lowest in the British Isles.

Climate data for Cleethorpes, elevation: 0 m (0 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–2004
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 14.3
(57.7) 		17.8
(64.0) 		23.3
(73.9) 		22.7
(72.9) 		26.4
(79.5) 		32.5
(90.5) 		32.8
(91.0) 		32.8
(91.0) 		27.2
(81.0) 		26.1
(79.0) 		17.2
(63.0) 		15.1
(59.2) 		32.8
(91.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.7
(45.9) 		8.5
(47.3) 		10.5
(50.9) 		13.1
(55.6) 		15.9
(60.6) 		18.6
(65.5) 		21.1
(70.0) 		21.1
(70.0) 		18.6
(65.5) 		14.7
(58.5) 		10.6
(51.1) 		8.1
(46.6) 		14.1
(57.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.8
(40.6) 		5.3
(41.5) 		6.9
(44.4) 		9.2
(48.6) 		11.7
(53.1) 		14.5
(58.1) 		17.0
(62.6) 		17.0
(62.6) 		14.6
(58.3) 		11.4
(52.5) 		7.7
(45.9) 		5.1
(41.2) 		10.4
(50.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.0
(35.6) 		2.2
(36.0) 		3.3
(37.9) 		5.2
(41.4) 		7.5
(45.5) 		10.4
(50.7) 		12.9
(55.2) 		12.8
(55.0) 		10.7
(51.3) 		8.0
(46.4) 		4.7
(40.5) 		2.2
(36.0) 		6.9
(44.4)
Record low °C (°F) −10.5
(13.1) 		−9.1
(15.6) 		−7.2
(19.0) 		−4.5
(23.9) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		1.0
(33.8) 		5.2
(41.4) 		5.6
(42.1) 		3.0
(37.4) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		−4.7
(23.5) 		−9.4
(15.1) 		−10.5
(13.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 48.5
(1.91) 		39.9
(1.57) 		34.5
(1.36) 		39.2
(1.54) 		46.7
(1.84) 		55.2
(2.17) 		55.2
(2.17) 		55.8
(2.20) 		50.2
(1.98) 		58.4
(2.30) 		63.4
(2.50) 		53.9
(2.12) 		600.7
(23.65)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 10.5 9.8 8.9 8.7 8.5 9.9 9.6 9.6 8.9 10.2 12.8 11.3 118.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours 60.4 85.1 121.1 160.3 209.8 190.1 205.9 187.8 142.2 105.5 66.8 56.8 1,591.8
Source: Met Office[20]

Transport

[edit]
Trains at Cleethorpes station

Cleethorpes railway station is served by two train operating companies:

Trains to London King's Cross, Peterborough, Leeds, Bradford Interchange, York, Newcastle and Edinburgh are available by travelling to Doncaster and changing there.[23] Connections to Lincoln, Nottingham and Leicester are available by changing at Grimsby Town, for services run by East Midlands Railway.

Bus services to Grimsby, Immingham and nearby villages are operated by Stagecoach East Midlands. There is a bus service to Skegness, via Louth, which runs once a day on weekends in the summer.[24]

The Cleethorpes area is served by the following roads:

Education

[edit]
See also: List of schools in North East Lincolnshire

Secondary schools in Cleethorpes include Cleethorpes Academy and Beacon Academy.

From September 2011, N.E. Lincolnshire SSP was the only remaining School Sports Partnership after government funding cuts.

Religion

[edit]
St Peter's Church

The parish church is St Peter's, built in 1866. Other churches are St Francis of Assisi on Sandringham Road, and Holy Trinity and St Mary's Church in Old Clee, the oldest building (built 950 AD) in Grimsby. Christ Church of Cleethorpes, near Machray Place, is also one of the larger parishes.[further explanation needed]

Sport and leisure

[edit]

Cleethorpes is home to Blundell Park, the home ground of Grimsby Town; they are one of few English League clubs with a town or city name to have their home ground in a different community.[25]

There is an athletics club[26] and Cleethorpes Rugby Union Football Club who play in the Midlands 4 East (NE).[27]

Cleethorpes cricket ground, known as Cleethorpes Sports Ground, is located on Chichester Road. It hosts professional games such as the 20/20 cup and various county games played by Lincolnshire County Cricket Club,[28] and the Vagabonds cricket team.[citation needed]

Cleethorpes Town F.C. play in the Northern Premier League - South East Division. Their home matches are played at the Linden Homes Club, Clee Road, Grimsby.

The old Cleethorpes bathing pool was demolished and replaced in the eighties with a modern leisure centre. Facilities include a large indoor wave pool, badminton and squash courts, a gym and sports hall. The local badminton club meets here.

A greyhound racing track was opened around the outside of the stock car racing track in 1981, which was on the site of the former Cleethorpes Marineland & Zoo which closed in 1977. The racing was independent (not affiliated to the sports governing body the National Greyhound Racing Club NGRC) and was known as a flapping track, which was the nickname given to independent tracks.[29][30] In 1983, there were plans to build new kennels and join the NGRC [31] but racing only lasted until midway through 1986.[32] The stock cars closed in the mid-1990s.

Governance

[edit]
Cleethorpes Town Hall

Cleethorpes is currently part of Great Grimsby and Cleethorpes, which also includes other towns in the area, including Immingham and Barton-upon-Humber. Prior to 1997, Cleethorpes had been included in the constituencies of Brigg and Cleethorpes, Louth (Lincolnshire) and Grimsby.

Since 1945, the members of parliament for Cleethorpes have been as follows:

Election Member Party
1945 Kenneth Younger Labour
1950 Sir Cyril Osborne Conservative
1969 Jeffrey Archer Conservative
1974 Michael Brotherton Conservative
1983 Michael Brown Conservative
1997 Shona McIsaac Labour
2010 Martin Vickers Conservative
2024 Melanie Onn Labour

Since 1996 Cleethorpes has formed an unparished area in the unitary borough of North East Lincolnshire. Cleethorpes comprises three of the borough's sixteen wards: Croft Baker, Haverstoe and Sidney Sussex. Each ward returns three councillors, so Cleethorpes is represented by 9 of 42 members of the council. Cleethorpes does not have its own town council; however, the nine councillors form the Charter Trustees of the Town of Cleethorpes.[33]

Council wards and elected members

[edit]
Cleethorpes town centre
Cleethopes Beach

North East Lincolnshire Council has three Council Wards within the area of Cleethorpes. As of 3 May 2018, the councillors are:

Croft Baker Ward
  • Oliver Freeston (C)
  • Bob Callison (C)
  • Kathryn Wheatley (L)
Sidney Sussex Ward
  • Gaynor Rogers (L)
  • Marie Green (L)
  • Debbie Rodwell (L)
Haverstoe Ward
  • Bill Parkinson (C)
  • Peter C. Smith (C)
  • Margaret Cracknell (C)
  • Keith Brookes (C)

Key: (L) = Labour Party (C) = Conservative Party

Media

[edit]

Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire and ITV Yorkshire. Television signals are received from the Belmont TV transmitter.[34]

The town's local radio stations are BBC Radio Humberside on 95.9 FM, Hits Radio East Yorkshire & North Lincolnshire (formerly Viking FM) on 96.9 FM, Hits Radio Lincolnshire (formerly Lincs FM) and Greatest Hits Radio Yorkshire (formerly Compass FM) on 96.4 FM.[35]

Local newspapers are Grimsby Telegraph and Grimsby & Cleethorpes Advertiser.[36]

Landmarks

[edit]

The seaside resort of Cleethorpes lies on the Humber Estuary; thus the sea at Cleethorpes is the mouth of the Humber. There are several hundred metres of sand at low tide.

The sea front provides views of shipping traffic entering and leaving the Humber for the ports of Grimsby, Immingham, Hull and Goole.[37]

Two large fortifications, the Humber Forts, are visible in the mouth of the river. On a clear day, the lighthouse situated on Spurn Point can be seen with the naked eye from the North Beach.

There is a Royal National Lifeboat Institution station near the pier and next to the Coastguard on Central Promenade. Work began on a new, larger RNLI station in 2022.[38] Cleethorpes Rescue also protect the beach.[39]

The boating lake

Cleethorpes has a large boating lake with many varieties of ducks, swans and geese. There is also a 62.01-hectare (153.2-acre) local nature reserve: Cleethorpes Country Park, situated between the resort and the village of Humberston. To the south of Cleethorpes, near Humberston, is a yacht club.

Ross Castle

The Cleethorpes Leisure Centre was opened in 1983 to replace the open bathing pool that was wrecked by storms on 11 January 1978. The leisure centre contains a 33-metre pool, 1.8 metres deep, as well as a water slide and a wave machine. The building also contains a gym and a sports hall. In 2012, major work was carried out to the roof of the building due to water damage.

Kingsway gardens and seafront

Ross Castle, a mock ruin of a castle built in 1885 by the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway, was named after Edward Ross, secretary of the railway company. Its height was the highest point on the cliffs. After a period of closure, the castle was renovated, re-opening in June 2008 to the public. Possibilities of a further closure have been raised after a woman fell to her death on 9 January 2009.[40]

In 2007 the town was the Royal Horticultural Societies Britain in Bloom award winner in the coastal category. The town was also received a Silver-Gilt award,[41] a Tourism Award (for Lollipop Road Train)[42] and Jeff Blanchard the Shredded Wheat Community Champions award.[43]

A statue of the Boy with the Leaking Boot was given to the town in 1918 by John Carlborn. It is reported that he was a Swedish immigrant to Cleethorpes who had built up a successful shipping business, and that the statue was a copy of one in the Hasselbacken Restaurant in Stockholm, Sweden.[44] The Cleethorpes statue now stands in a pond in the Diana Princess of Wales Memorial Gardens, on Kingsway. It was stolen and replaced in 2002 and 2008, and vandalised in October 2011. In July 2012, two youths were recorded on CCTV as they frolicked naked in the pond and destroyed the fountain.[45] A replacement statue was made by a local garden ornaments manufacturer and installed with improved security in September 2012.[46] A nearby pub was named The Leaking Boot, but was destroyed by fire in June 2009.[47]

In 2019, a community alleyway on Kew Road was vandalized. The alley is known for hosting Cleethorpes In Bloom competition, and was a recipient of many awards over the past few years.[48]

Other visitor attractions

[edit]
Cleethorpes Coast Light Railway
Cleethorpes Pier

There was a roll of honour at Matthew Humberston Foundation School commemorating the deaths of 42 past pupils of the school who died in World War I, but after the closure of the school in 2010, it was put into storage at the North East Lincolnshire Council offices. As of November 2019 the roll of honour was still being stored by the council, "with a view to being put on public display in a new town centre museum and heritage centre".[51]

UFO sighting

[edit]

On 22 September 1956 at 3pm a UFO was spotted for more than an hour off the Cleethorpes coast; it was seen by radar at RAF Manby too. It was a large spherical object with a glass appearance.[52] The Lakenheath-Bentwaters incident had happened the month before.

Notable people

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Cleethorpes (North East Lincolnshire, Yorkshire and the Humber, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information". citypopulation.de. Thomas Brinkhoff. 26 October 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2020. 'Population Estimate 2018-06-30: 38,996'
  2. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cleethorpes" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 478.
  3. ^ "Cleethorpes (North East Lincolnshire, Yorkshire and the Humber, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information". Retrieved 27 October 2024.
  4. ^ "Cleethorpes". Lincsabout. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
  5. ^ Green, Luke (24 July 2021). "Cleethorpes named second best UK beach beating Blackpool and Skegness". Grimsby Telegraph. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
  6. ^ Foster, C. W., ed. (1920). "Introduction: Lost vills and other forgotten places". Final Concords of the County of Lincoln: 1244-1272. Lincoln Record Society – via British History Online.
  7. ^ English Place-Name Society. "Cleethorpes". Survey of English Place-Names. Institute for Name‑Studies, University of Nottingham. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
  8. ^ "Cleethorpes - A Potted History". North East Lincolnshire Directory. Archived from the original on 24 July 2008. Retrieved 22 July 2008.
  9. ^ C. Ernest Watson. (13 November 2008) A History of Clee and the Thorpes of Clee. Kessinger Publishing. (1901).
  10. ^ a b "Timeline". cleethorpesuk.com. Archived from the original on 19 January 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2008.
  11. ^ a b "Cleethorpes Timeline". Shona McIssac MP. Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2008.
  12. ^ Lewis, Samuel (1848). "Cleethorpe". A Topographical Dictionary of England. pp. 626–632 – via British History Online.
  13. ^ a b F A Youngs Jr., Guide to the Administrative Units of England, Vol II: Northern England, London, 1991
  14. ^ Historic England. "Council House (1103474)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  15. ^ "Vision welcomed". 7 April 2009. Archived from the original on 30 June 2012. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  16. ^ "About Cleethorpes". Cleethorpes Conservatives. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
  17. ^ Johnson, Paul (26 May 2018). "Why is Cleethorpes called Meggies?". Grimsby Live. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  18. ^ "Winter Gardens Cleethorpes". Linc2u Marketing. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  19. ^ Penson, Ruby (20 February 2022). "Winter Gardens nightclub where Sex Pistols and the Clash once played". Grimsbylive. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
  20. ^ "Cleethorpes 1991–2020 averages". Met Office. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  21. ^ "Timetables". TransPennine Express. 21 May 2023. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  22. ^ "Timetables". East Midlands Railway. May 2023. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  23. ^ "Our timetables". LNER. May 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  24. ^ "Cleethorpes Bus Services". Bus Times. 2023. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  25. ^ "Which football team's ground is furthest from where they represent?". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  26. ^ "Welcome :: Cleethorpes Athletic Club". Cleethorpesac.co.uk. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  27. ^ "Domain Default page". Cleethorpesrufc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 3 June 2008. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  28. ^ "Sports Ground, Cleethorpes". Cricket Archive. Retrieved 6 August 2010.
  29. ^ Barnes, Julia (1988). Daily Mirror Greyhound Fact File. Ringpress Books. p. 413. ISBN 0-948955-15-5.
  30. ^ "Cleethorpes". Greyhound Racing Times. 9 February 2019. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
  31. ^ "Remember When series (March 2020)". Greyhound Star. 1 March 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
  32. ^ "Closures and openings over the past 10 years". Greyhound Star. July 1993. p. 18.
  33. ^ "The Charter Trustees Regulations 1996 (S.I. 1996 No. 263)". Office for Public Sector Information. 1996.
  34. ^ Butterworth, Brian (1 May 2004). "Belmont (Lincolnshire, England) Full Freeview transmitter". Retrieved 27 October 2024.
  35. ^ Doyle, Ben (18 February 2015). "Radio Lincolnshire – Find Your Local Station". Retrieved 27 October 2024.
  36. ^ "Grimsby & Cleethorpes Advertiser". 20 October 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2024 – via British Newspapers Online.
  37. ^ "England's Historic Seascapes: Withernsea to Skegness". Museum of London Archaeology. 2010. doi:10.5284/1000104 – via Archaeology Data Service.
  38. ^ "RNLI: Cleethorpes". Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  39. ^ "Cleethorpes Rescue Service's four decades keeping people safe by the sea". Grimsby Telegraph. 28 January 2011. Archived from the original on 25 January 2015. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
  40. ^ "Probe continues into death of woman after Ross Castle fall". 10 January 2009. Archived from the original on 20 April 2009. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  41. ^ Thorp, Alex (13 September 2017). "Successful season for In Bloom teams across borough as Cleethorpes and Immingham win gold". Grimsby Telegraph. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
  42. ^ Cooper, Sarah (3 August 2022). "Cleethorpes - A Touristy Coastal Town". greatbritishcoast.com. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
  43. ^ "Awards". Cleethorpes in Bloom. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
  44. ^ "Leaking Boot". Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 9 July 2009.
  45. ^ "CCTV reveals clues to Boy with the Leaking Boot vandals' identities (Video)". Grimsby Telegraph. 27 July 2012. Retrieved 30 September 2012.[permanent dead link]
  46. ^ "Cleethorpes' leaking boot statue replaced". BBC News. 2 October 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
  47. ^ "Hope for future of Leaking Boot site". Grimsby Telegraph. 2 July 2009. Archived from the original on 9 July 2009. Retrieved 9 July 2009.
  48. ^ Lynch, Connor (29 May 2019). "Residents' anger as community alleyway is vandalised". Grimsby Telegraph. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
  49. ^ The Signal Box Inn Retrieved 27 October 2024.
  50. ^ "Jungle Zoo bosses hit back at protesters". Grimsby Telegraph. 19 April 2010. Archived from the original on 25 January 2015. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
  51. ^ "Matthew Humberston Foundation School - WW1". War Memorials Register. Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
  52. ^ Ash, Russell (1973). Folklore, Myths and Legends of Britain. Reader's Digest Association Limited. pp. 286–287. ISBN 9780340165973.
  53. ^ "Kristian Adams". Cricket Archive. Retrieved 29 June 2009.
  54. ^ "Obituary". The Times. 16 January 1958. p. 14.
  55. ^ "Collinson, Peter (1936-1980)", screen online. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
  56. ^ Bateman, Colin (1993). If The Cap Fits. Tony Williams Publications. p. 43. ISBN 1-869833-21-X.
  57. ^ "Mrs Mangel From Neighbours". Comedy Central. Archived from the original on 25 August 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
  58. ^ Hill, Graham (15 January 2024). "Labour's General Election candidate Hack says there is a 'strong desire' for change in North West Leicestershire". Ashby Nub News. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
  59. ^ "Patricia Hodge Biography (1946-)", filmreference.com. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
  60. ^ "Bridget Turner Biography (1939-)", filmreference.com. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
  61. ^ Grimsby Daily Telegraph, 8 February, 1951, p. 4.
  62. ^ "Cleethorpes-born footballer Darren Wrack hangs up his boots" Archived 26 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine, thisisgrimsby.co.uk. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Cleethorpes.
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