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Loretta Young

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Loretta Young
Studio portrait of Loretta Young, 1940s
Born
Gretchen Michaela Young

(1913-01-06)January 6, 1913
Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.
DiedAugust 12, 2000(2000-08-12) (aged 87)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Resting placeHoly Cross Cemetery, Culver City
Occupations
  • Actress
  • television host
Years active1917–1994
Spouses
  • ​
    ​
    (m. 1930; ann. 1931)​
  • Tom Lewis
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1940; div. 1969)​
  • ​
    ​
    (m. 1993; died 1997)​
Children
Relatives

Loretta Young (born Gretchen Michaela Young; January 6, 1913 – August 12, 2000) was an American actress. Starting as a child, she had a long and varied career in film from 1917 to 1953. She received numerous honors including an Academy Award, two Golden Globe Awards, and three Primetime Emmy Awards as well as two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her work in film and television.

She won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in the film The Farmer's Daughter (1947), and received her second Academy Award nomination for her role in Come to the Stable (1949). She also starred in films such as Born to Be Bad (1934), Call of the Wild (1935), The Crusades (1935), Eternally Yours (1939), The Stranger (1946), The Bishop's Wife (1947), and Key to the City (1950).

Young moved to the relatively new medium of television, where she had a dramatic anthology series, The Loretta Young Show, from 1953 to 1961. It earned three Primetime Emmy Awards, and was re-run successfully on daytime TV and later in syndication. She also starred in The New Loretta Young Show from 1962 to 1963. Young returned to the small screen in the 1980s starring in two NBC television movies, Christmas Eve (1986), for which she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film, and Lady in a Corner (1989).

Early life and education

[edit]

She was born Gretchen Michaela Young in Salt Lake City, Utah, the daughter of Gladys (née Royal) and John Earle Young.[1][2] She was of Luxembourgish descent.[3] When she was two years old, her parents separated, and when she was three, her mother moved the family to Hollywood. A priest helped Gladys to establish a boarding house as income. Gladys' sister's husband helped the little girls get small parts in silent films for income. Gladys met Ida Botiller Lindley, a very wealthy widow, by 1925. Ida had no children, but wanted to carry on her husband's name; she proposed that she adopt Gretchen's younger brother John Royal Young (1914-1997), educating him to be a lawyer like her late husband. Her brother thus became John Royal Young Lindley (later John R. Lindley), and he became a lawyer. However, as a result he did not remain in close contact with his sisters. Gretchen and her sisters, Polly Ann and Elizabeth Jane (better known as Sally Blane), all worked as child actresses, but of the three, Gretchen was the most successful. Polly Ann Young, Sally Blane, and John R. Lindley all died in their 80s in 1997. John R. Lindley's son, David, became a well-known multi-instrumentalist rock musician.[4]

Young's first role was at the age of three in the silent film Sweet Kitty Bellairs. During her high-school years she was educated at Ramona Convent Secondary School. She was signed to a contract by John McCormick, husband and manager of actress Colleen Moore, who saw the young girl's potential. Moore gave her the name Loretta, explaining that it was the name of her favorite doll.[5]

Career

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1919–1939: Film debut and early films

[edit]
Loretta Young (1934)

Young was billed as Gretchen Young in the silent film Sirens of the Sea (1917). She was first billed as Loretta Young in 1928, in The Whip Woman. That same year, she co-starred with Lon Chaney in the MGM film Laugh, Clown, Laugh. The next year, she was named one of the WAMPAS Baby Stars.[6] In 1930, when she was 17, she eloped with 26-year-old actor Grant Withers; they were married in Yuma, Arizona. The marriage was annulled the next year, just as their second movie together (coincidentally entitled Too Young to Marry) was released.

In 1934, she co-starred with Cary Grant in the pre-Code drama Born to be Bad released by Twentieth Century Pictures. This film was rejected by the Hays Office twice before it was finally approved. The next year Young starred opposite Clark Gable and Jack Oakie in the 1935 film adaptation of Jack London's action adventure novel The Call of the Wild, directed by William Wellman. Also in 1935 she portrayed Berengaria, Princess of Navarre in the Cecil B. DeMille directed historical epic The Crusades (1935). The film premiered at the Venice Film Festival where it received an award for Best Foreign Film.

Young and David Niven in the film Eternally Yours (1939)

The following year she starred as Lady Helen Dudley Dearden in The Unguarded Hour (1936). The film was directed by Sam Wood and was based on the 1935 play of the same name by Bernard Merivale. In 1938 she played Countess Eugenie de Montijo in the romantic drama Suez starring opposite Tyrone Power. The film was directed by Allan Dwan and produced by Darryl F. Zanuck.

1940–1952: Career breakthrough

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During World War II, Young made Ladies Courageous (1944; re-issued as Fury in the Sky), the fictionalized story of the Women's Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron. It depicted a unit of female pilots who flew bomber planes from the factories to their final destinations. Young made as many as eight movies a year, and her films in the 1940s were among the most prestigious and well-remembered of her career.

Young with Orson Welles in The Stranger (1946)

In 1946, Young made The Stranger, in which she plays a small-town American woman who unknowingly marries a Nazi fugitive (Orson Welles). Welles recalled that the film's producer ordered a close-up of Young during a pivotal scene, a choice that Welles, who directed, considered "fatal" to the scene's impact. Young took the director's side, even getting her agent on the phone to take Welles's side. "Imagine getting a star's agent in to ensure that she wouldn't get a closeup!" Welles later said. "She was wonderful."[7] Critic Richard L. Coe of The Washington Post noted, "The languorous Miss Young has the toughest assignment, being called on to shift from the starry-eyed bride of the early reels to the woman who must know in her heart that her husband is one of the most hated of men."[8]

In 1947, Young won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in The Farmer's Daughter, a political comedy that required her to learn a Swedish accent. Ruth Roberts, who had coached Ingrid Bergman on how to lose her Swedish accent, taught Young how to gain one.[9] That same year, she co-starred with Cary Grant and David Niven in the romantic comedy The Bishop's Wife, a perennial favorite, which was remade in 1996 as The Preacher's Wife, starring Denzel Washington, Whitney Houston and Courtney B. Vance. In 1949, she received another Academy Award nomination for her role as Sister Margaret in the comedy drama Come to the Stable. In 1953, she appeared in her last theatrical film, It Happens Every Thursday, a Universal comedy about a New York couple who move to California to take over a struggling weekly newspaper; her co-star was John Forsythe.

From the trailer for Cause for Alarm! (1951)

In 1950 she reunited with Clark Gable for the romantic comedy Key to the City. During production of the film, Gable visited the Young household and spoke with his, and Young's, natural daughter, Judy Lewis, for the only time in Lewis' life. Lewis was fifteen at the time and did not know of Gable's role in her conception. The next year she starred in the melodrama Cause for Alarm! (1951) and the comedy Half Angel (1951), followed by Columbia Pictures' film noir Paula (1952). Also in 1952 she starred in the romance drama Because of You from Universal Pictures.

1953–1961: Television stardom

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Young hosted and starred in the well-received half-hour anthology television series Letter to Loretta (soon retitled The Loretta Young Show), which was originally broadcast from 1953 to 1961. She earned three Primetime Emmy Awards and a Golden Globe Award for the program. Her trademark was a dramatic entrance through a living room door in various high-fashion evening gowns. She returned at the program's conclusion to offer a brief passage from the Bible or a famous quote that reflected upon the evening's story. (Young's introductions and concluding remarks were not re-run on television because she legally stipulated that they not be, as she did not want the dresses she wore in those segments to make the program seem dated.)

The program ran in prime time on NBC for eight years, the longest-running primetime network program hosted by a woman up to that time.[10] The program was based on the premise that each drama was an answer to a question asked in her fan mail. The title was changed to The Loretta Young Show during the first season (as of the episode of February 14, 1954), and the "letter" concept was dropped at the end of the second season. Toward the end of the second season, Young was hospitalized as a result of overwork, which required a number of guest hosts and guest stars; her first appearance in the 1955–1956 season was for the Christmas show. From then on, Young appeared in only about half of each season's shows as an actress, and served as the program's host for the remainder.

Minus Young's introductions and conclusions, the series was re-run as the Loretta Young Theatre in daytime by NBC from 1960 to 1964. It also appeared in syndication into the early 1970s, before being withdrawn. In 1972, a jury in Los Angeles awarded Young $550,000 in a lawsuit against NBC for breach of contract. Filed in 1966, the suit contended that NBC had allowed foreign television outlets to re-run old episodes of The Loretta Young Show, without excluding, as agreed by the parties, the opening segment in which Young made her entrance. Young testified that her image had been damaged by portraying her in "outdated gowns". She had sought damages of $1.9 million.[11]

1986–1994: Return to acting and final roles

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Young briefly came out of retirement to star in the NBC television film Christmas Eve (1986). The story revolves around an elderly woman played by Young who befriends the homeless and volunteers her time with children, who learns she has an incurable illness and wants desperately to reunite her three grown grand children. Young starred alongside Trevor Howard and Ron Leibman, all three of whom received Golden Globe Award nominations with Young winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film. She then starred in her final role, another NBC television film, Lady in a Corner (1989) starring as the editor-in-chief of a high fashion magazine. She starred opposite Brian Keith, Roscoe Lee Brown, and Bruce Davison. For her performance she received another Golden Globe Award nomination in the same category losing to Christine Lahti in the CBS film No Place Like Home.

Personal life

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Marriages

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Young in 1938

Young was married three times and had three children. Her first marriage was to actor Grant Withers in 1930. The marriage was annulled the following year.[12] From September 1933 to June 1934, she had a well-publicized affair with actor Spencer Tracy (who was married to Louise Tracy), her co-star in Man's Castle.[13] In 1940, Young married producer Tom Lewis. They had two sons: Peter Lewis (of the San Francisco rock band Moby Grape); and Christopher Lewis, a film director. Young and Lewis divorced in 1969.

In 1993, Young married for the third and final time, to the fashion designer Jean Louis. Their marriage lasted until his death in April 1997. Young was godmother to Marlo Thomas (daughter of TV star Danny Thomas).[14]

A smoker since the age of eight,[15] Young quit the habit in the mid-1980s, gaining 10 pounds.[16]

Judy Lewis

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Young and Clark Gable were the romantic leads of the 1935 Twentieth Century Pictures film The Call of the Wild. Young was then 22 years old; Gable was 34 and married to Maria “Ria” Langham. During filming, Young became pregnant by Gable.[17] Young did not want to damage her career or that of Gable.

She knew if her studio, Twentieth Century Pictures, learned of the pregnancy they would pressure her to have an abortion which she refused to do, considering abortion a mortal sin. Young, her sisters, and their mother devised a plan to conceal the pregnancy and then pass off the child as adopted.[18] When Young's pregnancy began to advance, she went on a "vacation" to England. After returning to California, she gave an interview from her bed, covered in blankets; at that time, she stated that her long movie absence was due to a condition she had had since childhood. Young gave birth to a daughter, Judith, on November 6, 1935, in Venice, California. Young named Judith after St. Jude because he was the patron saint of (among other things) difficult situations.[18] Weeks after her birth, Judith was placed in an orphanage. Judith spent the next 19 months in various "hideaways and orphanages" before being re-united with her mother; Young then claimed that she had adopted Judith. After Young married Tom Lewis, Judith took Lewis's last name.[19]

Judy Lewis bore a strong resemblance to Gable,[20] and her true parentage was widely rumored in entertainment circles. When Lewis was 31 years old, she confronted her mother about her parentage;[19] Young privately admitted that she was Lewis's birth mother, stating that Lewis was "a walking mortal sin."[21] Young refused to confirm or comment publicly on the rumors until 1999, when Joan Wester Anderson wrote Young's authorized biography. In interviews with Anderson for the book, Young stated that Lewis was her biological child and the product of a brief affair with Gable.[22] Young would not allow the book to be published until after her death.[19]

In 2015, Linda Lewis, wife of Young's son, Christopher, stated publicly that in 1998, Young (then 85 years old) told Lewis that Gable had raped her. According to Linda Lewis, Young reportedly added that no consensual intimate contact had occurred between Gable and herself.[18] Young had never disclosed the rape to anyone. Lewis said Young shared this information only after learning of the concept of date rape from watching Larry King Live; she had previously believed it was a woman's job to fend off men's amorous advances and had perceived her inability to thwart Gable's attack as a moral failing on her part. Linda Lewis said that the family remained silent about Young's rape claim until after both Young and Judy Lewis had died.[18] Young and Gable starred together in Key to the City in 1950, when Lewis was 15 years old. At this time, Gable visited the Young household and spoke to Lewis for the only time in her life.[23]

Politics

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Young was a life-long Republican.[24] In 1952, she appeared in radio, print, and magazine ads in support of Dwight D. Eisenhower in his campaign for US president. She attended his inauguration in 1953, along with Anita Louise, Louella Parsons, Jane Russell, Dick Powell, June Allyson, and Lou Costello, among others. She was a vocal supporter of Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan in their presidential campaigns in 1968 and 1980, respectively.[24] Young was also an active member of the Hollywood Republican Committee, with her close friends Irene Dunne, Ginger Rogers, William Holden, George Murphy, Fred Astaire, and John Wayne.[25]

Charity

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From the time of Young's retirement in the 1960s until not long before her death, she devoted herself to volunteer work for charities and churches, together with her friends of many years: Jane Wyman, Irene Dunne, and Rosalind Russell.[26] She was a member of the Church of the Good Shepherd in Beverly Hills, and the Catholic Motion Picture Guild in Beverly Hills, California.[27] Young, a devout Catholic,[28][29] also worked with various Catholic charities after her acting career.[28][30]

Illness and death

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Young died of ovarian cancer on August 12, 2000, at the home of her maternal half-sister, Georgiana Young[31] (the wife of actor Ricardo Montalbán) in Los Angeles, California. She was interred in the family plot in Holy Cross Cemetery in Culver City, California. Her ashes were buried in the grave of her mother, Gladys Belzer.[32]

Filmography

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Young in 1930

Film

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Year Title Role Notes
1916 Sweet Kitty Bellairs unknown Lost; uncredited
1917 The Primrose Ring Fairy Lost; uncredited
1917 Sirens of the Sea Child As Gretchen Young
1919 The Only Way Child on operating table
1921 White and Unmarried Child Uncredited
1921 The Sheik Arab child Extant; uncredited
1927 Naughty But Nice Bit part Extant; uncredited
1927 Her Wild Oat Bit by ping pong table Extant; uncredited
1927 Orchids and Ermine unknown Extant; uncredited
1928 The Whip Woman The Girl Lost
1928 Laugh, Clown, Laugh Simonetta Extant; made at MGM
1928 The Magnificent Flirt Denise Laverne Lost; made at Paramount Pictures
1928 The Head Man Carol Watts Lost
1928 Scarlet Seas Margaret Barbour Extant (Vitaphone track of music and effects survives).
Picture elements discovered at Cineteca Italiana, Milan
1929 Seven Footprints to Satan One of Satan's victims Extant; uncredited
1929 The Squall Irma Extant, in Library of Congress
1929 The Girl in the Glass Cage Gladys Cosgrove Lost
1929 Fast Life Patricia Mason Stratton Lost (Vitaphone soundtrack discs at UCLA Film and Television)
1929 The Careless Age Muriel Lost
1929 The Forward Pass Patricia Carlyle Lost
1929 The Show of Shows "Meet My Sister" number Extant, in Library of Congress
1930 Loose Ankles Ann Harper Berry Extant, in Library of Congress
1930 The Man from Blankley's Margery Seaton Lost (Vitaphone soundtrack discs at UCLA Film and Television)
1930 Showgirl in Hollywood Extant, in Library of Congress; uncredited
1930 The Second Floor Mystery Marion Ferguson Extant, in Library of Congress
1930 Road to Paradise Mary Brennan/Margaret Waring Extant, in Library of Congress
1930 Warner Bros. Jubilee Dinner Herself Short subject
1930 Kismet Marsinah Lost (Vitaphone soundtrack discs at UCLA Film and Television)
1930 War Nurse Nurse Extant; made at MGM; uncredited (Young's scenes deleted)
1930 The Truth About Youth Phyllis Ericson Extant, in Library of Congress
1930 The Devil to Pay! Dorothy Hope Extant; produced by Samuel Goldwyn;
released by United Artists
1931 How I Play Golf, by Bobby Jones No. 8: "The Brassie" Herself Short subject
1931 Beau Ideal Isobel Brandon Extant; made at RKO
1931 The Right of Way Rosalie Evantural Extant, in Library of Congress
1931 The Stolen Jools Herself Short subject
1931 Three Girls Lost Norene McMann Extant
1931 Too Young to Marry Elaine Bumpstead Extant, in Library of Congress
1931 Big Business Girl Claie "Mac" McIntyre Extant, in Library of Congress
1931 I Like Your Nerve Diane Forsythe Extant, in Library of Congress
1931 The Ruling Voice Gloria Bannister Extant, in Library of Congress
1931 Platinum Blonde Gallagher
1932 Taxi! Sue Riley Nolan Extant, in Library of Congress
1932 The Hatchet Man Sun Toya San Extant, in Library of Congress;
original title The Honorable Mr. Wong
1932 Play Girl Buster "Bus" Green Dennis Extant, in Library of Congress
1932 Week-End Marriage Lola Davis Hayes Extant, in Library of Congress
1932 Life Begins Grace Sutton Extant, in Library of Congress
1932 They Call It Sin Marion Cullen Extant, in Library of Congress[33]
1933 Employees' Entrance Madeleine Walters West Extant, in Library of Congress
1933 Grand Slam Marcia Stanislavsky Extant, in Library of Congress
1933 Zoo in Budapest Eve Extant
1933 The Life of Jimmy Dolan Peggy Extant, in Library of Congress
1933 Heroes for Sale Ruth Loring Holmes Extant, in Library of Congress
1933 Midnight Mary Mary Martin
1933 She Had to Say Yes Florence "Flo" Denny Extant, in Library of Congress
1933 The Devil's in Love Margot Lesesne Extant
1933 Man's Castle Trina Extant
1934 The House of Rothschild Julie Rothschild
1934 Born to Be Bad Letty Strong
1934 Bulldog Drummond Strikes Back Lola Field
1934 Caravan Countess Wilma
1934 The White Parade June Arden
1935 Clive of India Margaret Maskelyne Clive
1935 Shanghai Barbara Howard
1935 The Call of the Wild Claire Blake
1935 The Crusades Berengaria, Princess of Navarre
1935 Hollywood Extra Girl Herself Short subject
1936 The Unguarded Hour Lady Helen Dudley Dearden
1936 Private Number Ellen Neal
1936 Ramona Ramona
1936 Ladies in Love Susie Schmidt
1937 Love Is News Toni Gateson
1937 Café Metropole Laura Ridgeway
1937 Love Under Fire Myra Cooper
1937 Wife, Doctor and Nurse Ina Heath Lewis
1937 Second Honeymoon Vicky
1938 Four Men and a Prayer Miss Lynn Cherrington
1938 Three Blind Mice Pamela Charters
1938 Suez Countess Eugenie de Montijo
1938 Kentucky Sally Goodwin
1939 Wife, Husband and Friend Doris Borland
1939 The Story of Alexander Graham Bell Mrs. Mabel Hubbard Bell
1939 Eternally Yours Anita
1940 The Doctor Takes a Wife June Cameron
1940 He Stayed for Breakfast Marianna Duval
1941 The Lady from Cheyenne Annie Morgan
1941 The Men in Her Life Lina Varsavina
1941 Bedtime Story Jane Drake
1942 A Night to Remember Nancy Troy
1943 China Carolyn Grant
1943 Show Business at War Herself Short subject
1944 Ladies Courageous Roberta Harper biopic of the WWII WASPs, pioneering women pilots
1944 And Now Tomorrow Emily Blair
1945 Along Came Jones Cherry de Longpre
1946 The Stranger Mary Longstreet
1947 The Perfect Marriage Maggie Williams
1947 The Farmer's Daughter Katrin "Katy" Holstrum Academy Award for Best Actress
1947 The Bishop's Wife Julia Brougham
1948 Rachel and the Stranger Rachel Harvey
1949 The Accused Dr. Wilma Tuttle
1949 Mother Is a Freshman Abigail Fortitude Abbott
1949 Come to the Stable Sister Margaret Nominated for Academy Award for Best Actress
1950 Key to the City Clarissa Standish
1951 You Can Change the World Herself Short subject
1951 Cause for Alarm Ellen Jones
1951 Half Angel Nora Gilpin
1951 Screen Snapshots: Hollywood Awards Herself Short subject
1952 Paula Paula Rogers
1952 Because of You Christine Carroll Kimberly
1953 It Happens Every Thursday Jane MacAvoy

Television

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Year Title Role Notes
1953-1961 The Loretta Young Show Self - Host 162 episodes; 8 seasons
1962-1963 The New Loretta Young Show Christine Massey 26 episodes; 1 season
1986 Christmas Eve Amanda Kingsley TV movie
1989 Lady in a Corner Grace Guthrie TV movie
1994 Life Along the Mississippi Narrator Voice; TV documentary

Radio

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Year Program Episode/source
1936 Lux Radio Theatre ""Polly Of The Circus"[34][35]
1940 The Campbell Playhouse "Theodora Goes Wild"[36][37]
1943 Lux Radio Theatre "The Philadelphia Story"
1945 Cavalcade of America "Children, This Is Your Father"[36]
1947 Family Theater "Flight from Home"[36]
1950 Suspense "Lady Killer"[36]
1952 Lux Radio Theatre "Come to the Stable"[38]
1952 Family Theater "Heritage of Home"[39]
1953 Family Theater "The Longest Hour"[40]

Awards and nominations

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Year Association Category Project Result Ref.
1947 Academy Award Best Actress The Farmer's Daughter Won
1949 Come to the Stable Nominated
1958 Golden Globe Awards Television Achievement The Loretta Young Show Won
1986 Best Actress - Miniseries or Television Film Christmas Eve Won
1989 Lady in the Corner Nominated
1954 Primetime Emmy Awards Best Female Star of a Regular Series Letter to Loretta Nominated
1955 Best Actress Starring in a Regular Series The Loretta Young Show Won
1956 Best Actress - Single Performance Nominated
1957 Best Continuing Performance by an Actress Won
1959 Best Actress in a Leading Role (Dramatic) Won
Best Continuing Performance (Female) in a Series Nominated
1960 Outstanding Actress in a Series (Lead or Support) Nominated
1961 Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Series (Lead) Nominated

In 1988, Young received the Women in Film Crystal Award for outstanding women who through their endurance and the excellence of their work helped expand the role of women in the entertainment industry.[41] Young has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame: one for her work in television, at 6135 Hollywood Boulevard, and the other for her work in motion pictures, at 6100 Hollywood Boulevard.[42] In 2011, a Golden Palm Star on the Walk of Stars, in Palm Springs, California, was dedicated to her.[43]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Sarvady, Andrea Cornell (2006). Miller, Frank (ed.). Leading Ladies: The 50 Most Unforgettable Actresses of the Studio Era. TCM film guide. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. ISBN 978-0811852487. OCLC 64744501.
  2. ^ Spicer, Chrystopher J. (2002). Clark Gable: Biography, Filmography, Bibliography. McFarland. p. 113. ISBN 978-0786411245. Retrieved September 30, 2015.
  3. ^ "Luxembourgers in America (European Reading Room, Library of Congress)". Library of Congress.
  4. ^ Forte, Dan (March 8, 2023). "David Lindley: 1944—2023". PremierGuitar. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
  5. ^ Loretta Young Biography. Vol. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Gale. November 2, 2010. Retrieved December 5, 2021 – via BookRrags.
  6. ^ Lowe, Denise (2005). An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Women in Early American Films, 1895–1930. Routledge. p. 67. ISBN 0789018438.
  7. ^ Welles, Orson (1992). This is Orson Welles. Peter Bogdanovich, Jonathan Rosenbaum (1st ed.). New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0060166169. OCLC 25410550.
  8. ^ Coe, Richard (October 10, 1946). "Welles Does Well by Orson in 'Stranger'". The Washington Post.
  9. ^ "Biography, "Loretta Young"".
  10. ^ "Loretta Young Show, The". Television Academy Interviews. October 22, 2017. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
  11. ^ "Loretta Young Wins $559,000 Damages". Oakland Tribune. January 18, 1972. p. 12.
  12. ^ "From the Archives: Loretta Young Dies; Elegant Film, TV Star". Los Angeles Times. August 13, 2000. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
  13. ^ Curtis (2011), p. 210 for the beginning of the affair, pp. 213 and 215 for the public nature of the relationship, p. 235 for the break-up.
  14. ^ Thomas, Marlo. "Loretta Young – (Movie Promo)". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved September 30, 2015.
  15. ^ Kobal, John (1985). People Will Talk. New York: Knopf. pp. 385–ff. ISBN 978-0394536606.
  16. ^ Williams, Lena (March 30, 1985). "At Home With: Loretta Young; Life Waltzes On". The New York Times. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
  17. ^ Downey, Sally A. (November 30, 2011). "Judy Lewis, daughter of Loretta Young and Clark Gable, dies". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  18. ^ a b c d Petersen, Anne Helen (July 12, 2015). "Clark Gable Accused of Raping Co-Star". BuzzFeed. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  19. ^ a b c Vitello, Paul (November 30, 2011). "Judy Lewis, Secret Daughter of Hollywood, Dies at 76". The New York Times. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
  20. ^ Shelden, Michael (April 26, 2011). "Hollywood's little secret". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  21. ^ Interview with Judy Lewis. Girl 27 (documentary), 2007.
  22. ^ Anderson, Joan Wester (2000). Forever Young: The Life, Loves, and Enduring Faith of a Hollywood Legend: The Authorized Biography of Loretta Young. Thomas More Publishing. ISBN 978-0883474679.
  23. ^ Elaine Woo. Judy Lewis, daughter of Loretta Young and Clark Gable, dies at 76. Washington Post, December 1, 2011.
  24. ^ a b Dick, Bernard (2011). Hollywood Madonna: Loretta Young. University of Mississippi Press. pp. 197–202. ISBN 978-1617030796.
  25. ^ Morella, Joe; Epstein, Edward (1986). Loretta Young: An Extraordinary Life. Landmark Books. pp. 215–216. ISBN 978-0385293976.
  26. ^ "Classic Hollywood 101: The BFF's of Classic Hollywood". Classichollywood101.blogspot.com. July 9, 2010. Retrieved September 30, 2015.
  27. ^ "Our History". Church of the Good Shepherd. Retrieved September 30, 2015.
  28. ^ a b Laufenberg, Norbert B. (2005). Entertainment Celebrities. Trafford Publishing. p. 863. ISBN 978-1412053358.
  29. ^ Davis, Ronald L. (2012). Duke: The Life and Image of John Wayne. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-0806186467.
  30. ^ Lowe, Denise (2005). An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Women In Early American Films, 1895–1930. Psychology Press. p. 585. ISBN 978-1317718963.
  31. ^ "Elegant Beauty Loretta Young Dies". BBC News. August 12, 2000. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
  32. ^ Wayne, Gary. "Holy Cross Cemetery, Part 2: Stars' Graves". Seeing Stars: Final Resting Places of the Stars. Retrieved September 30, 2015.
  33. ^ They Call It Sin at the AFI Catalog of Feature Films
  34. ^ "pPolly of the circus". Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  35. ^ "Lux Radio Theatre". Old Radio World.com. Retrieved December 5, 2021.
  36. ^ a b c d "Those Were the Days". Nostalgia Digest. Vol. 39, no. 1. Winter 2013. pp. 32–41.
  37. ^ "The Campbell Playhouse: Theodora Goes Wild". Orson Welles on the Air, 1938–1946. Indiana University Bloomington. January 14, 1940. Retrieved July 29, 2018.
  38. ^ Kirby, Walter (March 23, 1952). "Better Radio Programs for the Week". Decatur Daily Review. p. 44. Retrieved May 21, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
  39. ^ Kirby, Walter (February 17, 1952). "Better Radio Programs for the Week". Decatur Daily Review. p. 40. Retrieved June 1, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
  40. ^ "Family Theater .. Episodic log".
  41. ^ "Past Recipients: Crystal Award". Women In Film. Archived from the original on June 30, 2011.
  42. ^ "Walk of Fame Stars: Loretta Young". Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on April 3, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  43. ^ "Palm Springs Walk of Stars by Date Dedicated" (PDF). Palm Springs Walk of Stars. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 13, 2012. Retrieved September 30, 2015.

Further reading

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