Pratincole

Pratincoles
	Small pratincole (Glareola lactea) from Mangaon, Maharashtra, India
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Charadriiformes
Family:	Glareolidae
Subfamily:	Glareolinae
Genera
	Glareola; Stiltia

The pratincoles or greywaders are a subfamily (Glareolinae) of birds which together with the coursers make up the family Glareolidae. They have short legs, very long pointed wings and long forked tails.

Description

Their most unusual feature for birds classed as waders is that they typically hunt their insect prey on the wing like swallows, although they can also feed on the ground. Their short bills are an adaptation to aerial feeding.

Their flight is fast and graceful like a swallow or a tern, with many twists and turns to pursue their prey. They are most active at dawn and dusk, resting in the warmest part of the day.

Like the coursers, the pratincoles are found in warmer parts of the Old World, from southern Europe and Africa east through Asia to Australia. Species breeding in temperate regions are long-distance migrants.

Their two to four eggs are laid on the ground in a bare scrape.

The downy pratincole chicks are able to run as soon as they are hatched.^[1]

The Australian pratincole, the only species not in the genus Glareola, is more terrestrial than the other pratincoles, and may be intermediate between this group and the coursers.

The name "pratincole" comes from the term pratincola coined by German naturalist Wilhelm Heinrich Kramer from the Latin words prātum meadow and incola resident.^[2]

Species list

Genus Stiltia
- Australian pratincole Stiltia isabella
Genus Glareola
- Collared pratincole Glareola pratincola
- Oriental pratincole Glareola maldivarum
- Black-winged pratincole Glareola nordmanni
- Madagascar pratincole Glareola ocularis
- Rock pratincole Glareola nuchalis
- Grey pratincole Glareola cinerea
- Small pratincole Glareola lactea

References

Shorebirds by Hayman, Marchant and Prater ISBN 0-395-60237-8

^ Newton, Alfred (1911). "Pratincole" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 254–255.
^ Lockwood, W B (1993). The Oxford Dictionary of British Bird Names. OUP. ISBN 978-0-19-866196-2.

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[1] Newton, Alfred (1911). "Pratincole" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 254–255.

[2] Lockwood, W B (1993). The Oxford Dictionary of British Bird Names. OUP. ISBN 978-0-19-866196-2.

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